RESUMO
Background: Wound can be defined as disruption of cellular, anatomical, or functional continuity of living tissues. Nicotine causes damage to the epithelial layer of blood vessel and delays wound healing. It plays an important pathogenic role in impaired wound healing. Although in the last millennium, topical use of nicotine has been reported. It promotes collagen synthesis and, in turn, promotes wound healing. The role of topical nicotine on wound healing is controversial. Therefore, it was planned to evaluate and compare wound healing activity of various doses topical nicotine in rats. Aim and Objectives: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of topical nicotine on wound healing in an excision wound model in rats. Materials and Methods: For evaluation of the wound healing effects of the nicotine, excision wound model was used. Nicotine was applied topically in a dose of 1.5 g%, 3.0 g%, and 6.0 g% petroleum base. Petroleum jelly served as control for topical nicotine. Dressing done by applying topical nicotine until (20 days) complete wound healing was observed. Parameters evaluated were surface area of wound and percentage closure. Results: Findings of this show that, on day 4, nicotine 3.0 g% and 6 g% the wound surface area were more as compared to control. On day 12, nicotine 6.0 g% showed significantly more wound surface area than control (P < 0.05). Percentage wound contraction with topical nicotine (6.0 g%) was less as compared to control on day 4, 8, and 12 (P < 0.001). On day 16, percentage wound contracture with topical nicotine (6.0 g%) contraction was significantly less as compared to control (P < 0.05). Although percentage wound contraction with topical nicotine (all preparations) and control was similar on day 20. Conclusion: Finding shows that topical nicotine impairs wound healing in a dose related pattern during initial stages of healing in an excision wound model. However, there is no delay in wound healing with any dose of topical nicotine.
RESUMO
Background: Pain is a complex experience consisting of physiological and psychological response to a noxious stimulus. Analgesics like opiates and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are commonly used for relieving pain but are associated with various unwanted side effects; therefore this study was conducted by using Origanum vulgare for their analgesic efficacy.Methods: In vivo model used was tail flick method. Origanum vulgare (84 mg/kg p.o) was administered in mice. The analgesic activity was studied by recording the reaction time after administration of the drug at frequent intervals up to 3 hours. The results were analysed by ANOVA and Tukey’s test. P-value <0.05 was considered as significant. Pentazocine showed statistically prolongation in the reaction time after 30 min as compared to Origanum vulgare.Results: In tail flick method, pentazocine showed statistically significant increase in the reaction time after 30 min of administration as compared to control group. However, Origanum vulgare in a dose of 84 mg/kg showed significant increase in the reaction time after 30 min of administration as compared to control group. On comparing pentazocine and Origanum vulgare, pentazocine showed highly significant increase in the reaction time after 30 min as compared to Origanum vulgare at 84 mg/kg dose.Conclusions: From the present study, it was concluded that extract of Origanum vulgare exerted analgesic activity in both the models. However, it was less potent than pentazocine. Thus, Origanum vulgare can be used in mild to moderate painful conditions.
RESUMO
Background: The International Association for Study of pain, has defined pain as actual or potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage. But the burden of unwanted side effects with current regimens are high. To explore the potential of Ayurveda drugs, this study is done by using Origanum vulgare.Methods: In vivo model used-Hot plate method. Origanum vulgare (84 mg/kg p.o) was administered in mice. The analgesic activity was studied by recording the reaction time after administration of the drug at frequent intervals up to 3 hrs. The results were analysed by ANOVA and Tukey’s test. P value <0.05 was considered as significant. Pentazocine showed statistically prolongation in the reaction time after 30 min as compared to Origanum vulgare.Results: In hot plate method, pentazocine showed statistically significant increase in the reaction time after 30 min of administration as compared to control group. However, Origanum vulgare in a dose of 84 mg/kg showed significantly increase in the reaction time after 30 min of administration as compared to control group. On comparing pentazocine and Origanum vulgare, pentazocine showed highly significant increase in the reaction time after 30 min as compared to Origanum vulgare at 84 mg/kg dose.Conclusions: From the present study, it was concluded that extract of Origanum vulgare exerted analgesic activity in both the models. However, it was less potent than pentazocine. Thus, Origanum vulgare can be used in mild to moderate painful conditions.
RESUMO
Background: As of 2018, 2.1 billion people nearly 30% of the world’s population are either obese or overweight. Worldwide obesity has nearly tripled since 1975. It is an emerging health problem with major adverse effects on health. It is a risk factor for many chronic diseases but is best known for its role in metabolic syndrome, which can lead to type 2 diabetes mellitus as well as cardiovascular diseases. Anti-obesity drugs are available but have many side effects. Voglibose, an antidiabetic drug, is an alpha glucosidase inhibitor which shows promising results in the reduction of body weight with minimal side effects.Methods: Voglibose (7 mg/kg) was administered to rats fed with normal laboratory chows and high fat diet to see its effect on body weight, body mass index, abdominal and thoracic circumference, and lipid profile at the end of 12 weeks.Results: Administration of voglibose significantly reduced food consumption, feed efficiency and increase in body weight induced by high fat diet in rats. Rats fed on normal diet also showed reductions in the same parameters, suggesting its weight lowering effect. Reductions in the anthropometric measurements, hypolipidemic effects and glucose lowering effects were also observed.Conclusions: Voglibose prevented high fat diet-induced obesity and improvement in metabolic profile, which ultimately has systemic effects on body weight in rats. Further studies are needed to see its potential therapeutic use in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and related complications.
RESUMO
Background: Metabolic syndrome is described as the clustering of obesity, aberrant glucose metabolism, dyslipidemia and hypertension. A characteristic pattern, termed diabetic dyslipidemia, consists of low HDL, increased triglycerides and postprandial lipemia. This pattern is most frequently seen in type 2 diabetes and may be a treatable risk factor for subsequent cardiovascular disease. This study was designed to compare the hypolipidemic activity of Coriandrum sativum L. with the standard antidiabetic drug, metformin in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.Methods: Streptozotocin (STZ) was used to induce diabetes in the rats. The hypolipidemic activity of Coriandrum sativum seed extract was compared to the standard drug metformin. 4 groups (n=8) (normal control, diabetic control, streptozotocin+Coriandrum sativum and streptozotocin+metformin). The drugs were administered once daily for 28 days following which lipid profile was estimated on 28th day by using blood sample collected from the retro-orbital space.Results: STZ induced diabetes and also lead to dyslipidemia. Oral administration of CS seed extracts significantly lowered total cholesterol (TC), LDL:HDL ratio, TC:HDL ratio, thus, reducing the cardiovascular risk. HDL levels were slightly increased with CS seed extract compared to diabetic control group but not statistically significant. There was also statistically insignificant reduction in the atherogenic index with CS seed extract compared to diabetic control.Conclusions: CS seed extract (40 mg/kg) orally may have considerable therapeutic benefit as a hypolipidemic agent and can be suggested as a potential dietary add on.
RESUMO
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that has the phenotype of hyperglycemia. According to World Health Organization (WHO) there were 65.1 million diabetics in India in 2013, International Diabetes Federation estimates this to increase to 190 million by 2035. Although a number of drugs are available for treatment of DM, their cost and safety profile are major concern. Medicinal plants are used by clinicians for treatment of diabetes. Gymnema sylvestre (GS) extract has been reported to increase insulin levels in diabetic rats. This study was designed to compare the antihyperglycemic effect of Gymnema sylvestre with metformin.Methods: Diabetes was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats using streptozotocin 45mg/kg. Methanolic extract of Gymnema sylvestre 120mg/kg p.o. prepared using Soxhlet apparatus.Results: GS extract reduced blood glucose levels but not statistically significant. GS extract increased HDL and triglycerides, reduced both serum ALT and AST but no statistical significance seen. Metformin significantly increased serum urea, which was not seen in GS extract group. GS extract showed regenerative changes in pancreas, liver and kidney.Conclusions: The study investigation demonstrates that methanolic extract of GS possesses antihyperglycemic and hypolipidaemic activity and so it can be considered as a promising natural remedy in a prediabetic state and in mild hyperlipidaemia to prevent its progression. Increase in ? cell regeneration activity could be a probable mechanism of action. However, further long term clinical studies are recommended to define its possible role in diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidaemia. Role of GS as a potential hepatoprotective agent also needs further evaluation.